Compare a claim with its support
Target: use new evidence to retain, narrow or change a particular claim—or remain uncertain. Prerequisites: read starts/°C/time/change, compare matched trials and identify conditions. Newest does not automatically mean most informative.
Two fresh 100 g samples;22°C surroundings;10 min;same covered setup/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Start (°C) | After 10 min (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| P-1 | 12 | 16 |
| P-2 | 12 | 17 |
1.Find both changes. Which claim is supported: (a) these samples warmed in this 10-minute record, or (b) every sample always warms? Explain.
2.What conditions belong in a bounded claim? What would you compare before using a new result to revise it?
Retain = evidence remains consistent; narrow = limit scope; change = alter a conclusion; uncertain = withhold a confident conclusion. Decisions may combine, such as narrow and uncertain.
Initial evidence
Work on this page first. Record a bounded claim before turning to the new-evidence page. Question: What does this record support about R’s 20-minute performance? A nominal classroom criterion is final water at or below 15°C in each supplied trial; it is not storage advice or a guarantee.
Fresh 100 g samples start 10°C in 22°C surroundings. Same sleeve versions, cups/lids,20 min, exposure and procedure within/across trials. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve R final (°C) | Sleeve S final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| M-1 | 14.0 | 16.0 |
| M-2 | 14.5 | 16.5 |
| M-3 | 14.0 | 16.0 |
1.Write a bounded claim about R and support it with readings. What limit matters?
Do not look ahead until you have recorded the claim. Keep this page for the revision.
New evidence
Now compare this record with your original claim. Keep all raw readings.
R only: fresh 100 g,10°C start,20 min, same R version/cup/lid/exposure/procedure. All surroundings now 28°C. S was not tested. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve R start (°C) | Sleeve R final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| M-4 | 10 | 18.0 |
| M-5 | 10 | 18.5 |
| M-6 | 10 | 18.0 |
Fictional claim to evaluate: “R keeps water at or below 15°C in every room.”
1.What changed? Which earlier condition-specific statement can stay, and which broader claim needs revision? Can these new results rank R against S?
2.Use the next-page revision record. Explain why this is a scope change rather than proof that the first record was wrong.
Revision record · Model case
Use the initial model record and new model evidence; retain both pages. Record the actual claim being evaluated. Write, dictate while pointing to data, or use labeled notes. Each field is a prompt; decisions can combine.
1.Original claim
2.Original support
3.New evidence and conditions
4.Decision: retain / narrow / change / uncertain (more than one may apply)
5.Revised claim
6.Reasoning: why this decision fits all relevant records
7.Next useful evidence
Guided practice · Initial evidence
First record a bounded statement. Question: What pattern is supported about warming in these trials? Keep this page while revising.
Fresh 100 g;11°C start;23°C surroundings;18 min. Complete sleeves C/D; cups/lids/exposure/procedure match within/across trials. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve C final (°C) | Sleeve D final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| G-1 | 16 | 18 |
| G-2 | 17 | 19 |
| G-3 | 16 | 18 |
1.State a bounded claim and evidence across these three trials. Include uncertainty rather than a future guarantee.
Stop here before reading new evidence.
Guided practice · Additional evidence
Additional fresh 100 g;11°C start;23°C surroundings;18 min. Sleeve versions, cups/lids/exposure/procedure match the initial guided-practice record. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve C final (°C) | Sleeve D final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| G-4 | 16 | 18 |
| G-5 | 16 | 18 |
| G-6 | 17 | 19 |
1.Compare all six trials. Does a new record require reversing your claim? Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain; justify the decision.
2.Give a revised or retained claim and a useful next comparison. What can these values still not establish?
Independent task · Initial record
This initial/new pair is also Use a Quick Check. It repeats the independent task from Teach the Lesson; it is not fresh after The independent task has been attempted. Goal: evaluate evidence about limiting cooling. Write a bounded initial statement, then turn the page.
Fresh 120 g water each trial;40.0°C start;22°C surroundings;15 min;covers P/Q. Cups/lids/exposure/procedure match. Display to 0.1°C; accuracy not supplied. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover P final (°C) | Cover Q final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| I-1 | 35.0 | 34.8 |
| I-2 | 35.1 | 34.9 |
1.Compare changes and write an initial claim about these two trials. Explain how confident the record allows you to be.
Keep the original statement; do not erase it when new evidence arrives.
Independent task · New record
Four additional fresh 120 g trials;40.0°C start;22°C surroundings;15 min;sleeve versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure match the first independent-task record. Accuracy remains unknown. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover P final (°C) | Cover Q final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| I-3 | 34.7 | 35.0 |
| I-4 | 35.1 | 34.9 |
| I-5 | 34.9 | 35.0 |
| I-6 | 35.0 | 35.1 |
1.Using all six trials, decide whether to retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain. Give a revised claim and specific comparisons, including any contrary result.
2.What useful next evidence would address the uncertainty? Does overlap establish identical performance? Does the newest row alone decide?
Initial claim and support
Before looking at new evidence, state what this record supports about limiting warming. Keep your statement visible.
Fresh 90 g;9°C start;21°C surroundings;16 min;matched complete sleeves J/K, cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve J final (°C) | Sleeve K final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| A-1 | 14 | 17 |
| A-2 | 15 | 18 |
1.Write a bounded claim and the support for it. State a limit.
Stop before turning to the next record.
Keep the evidence, change the claim
Six additional fresh 90 g trials;9°C start;21°C surroundings;16 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as the initial record. No exclusions recorded. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve J final (°C) | Sleeve K final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| A-3 | 18 | 13 |
| A-4 | 19 | 14 |
| A-5 | 18 | 13 |
| A-6 | 19 | 14 |
| A-7 | 18 | 13 |
| A-8 | 19 | 14 |
Fictional response 1: “Use only A-1/A-2; J is always better.” Fictional response 2: “A-8 is newest, so K must win.”
1.Evaluate both responses. Keep all eight results and revise your earlier claim. Explain why weight and relevance, not just recency, matter.
Fresh recheck · Initial record
This is a new sequence; complete the initial claim before looking ahead.
0 ·Fresh 100 g;12°C start;24°C surroundings;14 min;matched U/V sleeves/cups/lids/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve U final (°C) | Sleeve V final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Ac-1 | 16 | 19 |
| Ac-2 | 16 | 19 |
1.State a bounded claim and its support; mention what is not established.
Fresh recheck · Additional record
New fresh-check evidence ·Additional fresh 100 g;12°C start;24°C surroundings;14 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as the initial fresh-check record. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve U final (°C) | Sleeve V final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Ac-3 | 17 | 20 |
| Ac-4 | 16 | 19 |
| Ac-5 | 17 | 20 |
1.Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain? Explain using initial and new records. Revise only what the evidence warrants; name a useful next step.
Initial conditions and claim
Write a bounded warming comparison, then turn to the new conditions. Keep both records.
Fresh 100 g;10°C start;22°C surroundings;20 min;matched L/N versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve L final (°C) | Sleeve N final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| B-1 | 15 | 18 |
| B-2 | 16 | 19 |
| B-3 | 15 | 18 |
1.Write the supported comparison and list the conditions that matter for a new comparison.
Compare conditions before revising
22°C surroundings. Cups/lids/position/procedure match. Mass, start and duration differ between L and N and from the initial record. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID / setup | Mass (g) | Start (°C) | Time (min) | Final (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-4 / L | 80 | 12 | 20 | 18 |
| B-4 / N | 160 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
| B-5 / L | 80 | 12 | 20 | 19 |
| B-5 / N | 160 | 10 | 10 | 14 |
Fictional response: “Pool every endpoint; N is now better, so cross out the first conclusion.”
1.Find the changes and identify relevant condition differences. What can be described? What cannot be attributed to sleeve design alone? Evaluate the fictional response.
2.Revise or retain the particular earlier claim. Specify a more informative next comparison with actual matching values.
Fresh recheck · Initial conditions
Complete this new initial statement before looking at the next page.
0 ·Fresh 100 g;10°C start;22°C surroundings;20 min;matched E/F sleeves/cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve E final (°C) | Sleeve F final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Bc-1 | 15 | 17 |
| Bc-2 | 16 | 18 |
1.State a bounded E/F comparison and support it.
Fresh recheck · Changed surroundings
New fresh-comparison evidence ·Only E tested now;fresh 100 g;10°C start;28°C surroundings;20 min;all other E conditions match the initial fresh-comparison record. No new F data. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve E start (°C) | Sleeve E final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Bc-3 | 10 | 18 |
| Bc-4 | 10 | 19 |
1.What conditions changed? What conclusion can stay, what scope needs limiting, and what ranking is not established? Propose useful next evidence.
Later check · Initial evidence
New cooling context. Record a bounded claim before the next page. Goal: limit cooling, not find the smallest final number.
Fresh 110 g;38°C start;20°C surroundings;12 min;matched covers A/B,cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover A final (°C) | Cover B final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| T-1 | 32 | 28 |
| T-2 | 31 | 27 |
1.Compare the cooling and write an initial claim with support and a limit.
Later check · New evidence
Five additional fresh 110 g;38°C start;20°C surroundings;12 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as the initial record. No exclusions. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover A final (°C) | Cover B final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| T-3 | 27 | 33 |
| T-4 | 26 | 32 |
| T-5 | 27 | 33 |
| T-6 | 26 | 32 |
| T-7 | 27 | 33 |
1.Revise using all seven trials. Identify weight/relevance, any contrary result and uncertainty. Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain; justify a useful conclusion.
2.Name useful further evidence. Explain why the temperature pattern is consistent with net energy transfer, without inventing a specific pathway.